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Subject: Quick UNIX and LINUX notes for Oracle DBAs (Good to know) |
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Quick
UNIX and LINUX notes for Oracle DBAs
The
following are the commands that you, as a DBA,
do
not need to know but it is good to know.
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Copy file archives in and out.
Example:
$cd
/etc
#Go to directory that you want to have a backup.
$ls
| cpio –oc > /u01/cpio_bkup
#Copy all files in /etc to the /u01/cpio_bkup
file.
$mkdir
/u01/copyhere
#Make a directory.
$cd
/u01/copyhere
#Change directory to the created
directory.
$cat
/u01/cpio_bkup | cpio –ic #Read
cpio_bkup file and copy all data into the current directory.
$ls | cpio –oc
> /dev/rmt/0
#Copy all ls output files into tape device.
Administration command for /dev and /devices.
Example;
$cd /dev/rmt #Check the content of the /dev/rmt directory.
$devfsadm –c tape #A new tape device was added to the system.
$cd /dev/rmt #Check the differences.
$mt status #Check your magnetic tape status.
$dttape init /dev/rmt/0
–volume X
#Initialize the tape using datatools.
$obacktrack
#Use obacktrack if you have sqlback track.
Disk partitioning and maintenance utility (Unix/Solaris only).
Example;
$format #Disk partitioning and maintenance utility.
Initialize your server.
Example:
$su root
$init 0
#Shutdown the server and have OK prompt.
$init
6
#Reboot the server.
$reboot
#Reboot the server.
On the OK prompt, you can boot.
Example:
$ok boot #Boot from default disk.
$ok boot cdrom #Boot from cdrom
$ok boot 2th_boot_disk #Boot from a different boot disk.
$ok nvalue /2th_boot_disk /…/…. #Define an alias for the second boot disk.
$ok nvstore #Save the alias.
Add a Unix/Linux group account.
Example:
$more /etc/group|grep dba #Check to see if the group exists.
$groupadd –g dba #If not add a group.
$more /etc/group|grep dba #Check to see that the group was added.
Delete a Unix/Linux group account.
Example:
$more /etc/group|grep dba #Check to see if the group exists.
$groupdel dba #Delete a group.
$more /etc/group|grep dba #Check to see that the group was deleted.
Describe instruction set architectures.
Example:
$isainfo –v
#Describe instruction set architectures
(64bits or 32bits).
Display java version or other information.
Example:
$java –version
#Display java full version.
Assign a symbolic link.
Example:
$cd /u01 #Change your directory.
$df –k >
myfile
#Create a file that contains disk space
allocation.
$more myfile #Display the file content.
$mkdir mylinkdir #Create a directory for all your links.
$ln –s /u01/myfile /u01/mylinkdir/mylink
#Create a link.
$more /u01/mylinkdir/mylink
#Display the link file content.
Mount a device.
Example:
$mount /dev/rmt/1 /mnt #Mount a second external tape device.
$mount /dev/dsk/c3t1d0s0 /mnt #Mount a disk device.
$mount 127.0.0.1:/cdrom/cdrom0 /mnt
#Mount your disktop cdrom or if a server does
not have cdrom.
A device status.
Example:
$mt -f /dev/rmt/0 status
Apply single patch to your O/S.
Example:
$patchadd patch_number #Add a single patch to your O/S.
patchadd
Add multiple patches to your O/S.
Example:
$cd /../patches #Change directory to downloaded patches.
$for i in ‘ls –l 1*’;do #For all patches that their numbers start from 9.
$patchadd $i #Read each patch number.
$done #Apply patches.
Remove a single patch from your O/S.
Example:
$patchrm patch_number #Remove a single patch from your O/S.
Print system configuration.
Example:
$prtconf #Print all system configuration.
$prtconf | grep Mem #Print the size of system memory.
$prtstat #For memory usage
Print process system configuration.
Example:
$psrconf -v #Print all process system configuration.
Display the latest release of your applied patches.
Example:
$showrev –p |grep patch_number #Display the latest information about your patches.
Symplicity Storage Manager Tool
Example:
$/usr/lib/symsm/bin/symsm & #Execute the Symplicity Storage Manager Tool.
Synchronize your system. Do this before your shutdown.
Example:
$sync;sync;sync;halt
#Before halting your system, synchronize the
system.
Tar to a tape.
Example:
$cd /u01/app/oracle #Change to a directory that you want to tar all information to a tape.
$tar –cvf /dev/rmt/0 . #Copy all the current information to a tape.
$tar –tvf /dev/rmt/0 #Display the tape table of contents.
$tar –xvf /dev/rmt/0 #Extract files from tape.
Un-mount the file system device.
Example:
$cd / #Go to route sub-directory.
$mkdir u01 #Make a directory.
$mount /dev/dsk/c3t1d0s5 /u01 #Mount it.
$cd /u01
#Change your current directory to /u01. Add
files to it.
$cd /
#Go back to route directory (make sure you are
not using /u01 device).
$umount
#umount it.
$cd /u01
#Change your current directory to /u01 (what
do you see?).
Print name of current system.
Example:
$uname –a #Print name of current system with all information (-a).
Dump a system file incrementally.
Example:
$umount /u01 #Un-mount the device that you want to do a dump.
$ufsdump 0uf /dev/rmt/0 /dev/rdsk/c3t1d0s0
#Dump un-mounted device into a tape.
$ufsdump 0uf /u01dump /dev/rdsk/c3t1d0s0
#Dump un-mounted device into a disk.
# 0 – all files, u – update the dump
record, f – file system device.
$mount /dev/rdsk/c3t1d0s0
/u01 #Mount the device
that you have dumped.
#Don’t forget when you un-mount and mount a file system, change the vfstab file also if needed.
Restore a system file.
Example:
$mount /dev/rdsk/c3t1d0s0 /u01 #Mount the device that you want to restore a file system.
$cd /u01 #Change the directory to the mounted device.
$ufsrestore tvf
/dev/rmt/0
#Show the table of contents from tape.
$ufsrestore rvf
/dev/rmt/0
#Restore recursively from tape to /u01.
# r – restore recursively, v – verbose,
and f - file system device.
Add a Unix/Linux user account.
Example:
$more /etc/shadow|grep oracle #Check to see the Oracle user exists.
$userdel –r
oracle
#Delete it and also its default directory.
$mkdir /home/app
#Make the Oracle default directory.
$chown oracle /home/app #Change its owner to the ‘oracle’ user.
$useradd –u 1001 –d /home/app –s /bin/ksh oracle
#Create oracle user with default directory
/home/app and
#user id 1001, password ‘pass’ and default
shell (korn shell).
$more /etc/shadow|grep
oracle #Check to see the
user was added.
Delete a Unix/Linux user account.
Example:
$more /etc/shadow|grep oracle #Check to see the Oracle user exists.
$userdel –r
oracle
#Delete it and also its default directory (-r
remove the default directory).
$mkdir /home/app
#Make the Oracle default directory.
$chown oracle /home/app #Change its owner to the ‘oracle’ user.
$useradd –u 1001 –d /home/app –s /bin/ksh –p pass oracle
#Create oracle user with default directory
/home/app and
#user id 1001, password ‘pass’ and default
shell (korn shell).
$more /etc/shadow|grep
oracle #Check to see the
user was added.
$userdel –r
oracle
#Delete it and also its default directory (-r
remove the default directory).
SQL
Backtrack
To backup your Oracle data, you may have sql-backtrack. Remember the following function.
Example:
$obacktrack #Run SQL backtrack interactively.
Networker
Quick and simple commands.
Example:
$/usr/bin/nsr/networker start #Start networker.
$/usr/bin/nsr/networker stop #Stop networker.
$/usr/sbin/nsr/nsrjb –Hev #Diagnose networker.
$tail /usr/logs/messages
#Check error messages.
$tail -100 /usr/logs/daemon.log #Check logs.
Managing
your disk (Unix/Solaris only):
|
Disksuite (Things to remember) |
Volume Manager (Things to remember) |
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$metastat $metastat –p $metadb (/dev/md/dsk/dxx, df –k, format) |
$vxdisk list $vxprint –ht (/dev/vx/dsk/assetdg/assetdgvol04, df –k, format) |
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System
Prameters |
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$ifconfig –a #Display network interface configuration parameters $arp –a #Address resolution display and control $drvconfig #drvconfig - configure the /devices directory $disks #disks - creates /dev entries for hard disks attached to the system $devlinks #devlinks - adds /dev entries for miscellaneous devices and pseudo-devices |
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New
device: |
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$init 0 $ok printenv $ok setenv auto_boot? False $ok reset_all $ok probe_scsi_all $ok set auto_boot? True $ok boot $format $newfs /dev/rdsk/c3t2d0s4 $newfs /dev/md/dsk/d15 $fsck /dev/md/dsk/d15 |
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