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What is Oracle9iAS and how to install it (Oracle Internet Application Server)?

Gathered By: John Kazerooni

Oracle9iAS contains the following components: Oracle9iAS Portal, Oracle9iAS Application Server middle-tier, Oracle Internet Directory (OID), Single Sign-On Server (SSO), and Oracle9i database.

Oracle9iAS Portal enables you to build, manage, and deploy the pages, portlets and applications that will be included in your Web portal.

Oracle9iAS Application Server middle-tier provides several component pieces, including: Oracle HTTP Server, Parallel Page engine (PPE), mod_plsql, and Oracle9iAS Web Cache.

Oracle Internet Directory is an LDAP repository for storing user credentials and group memberships for Oracle9iAS Portal and other Oracle products.

Single Sign-On Server (SSO) authenticates user credentials against OID for Oracle9iAS Portal and other applications.

Oracle9i database stores the objects that comprise Oracle9iAS Portal, OID and SSO and known as the Oracle9iAS Portal Repository.

In this article we highlighted important install steps to be aware of. These are important steps in order to complete the Oracle9iAS installation successfully.

OS patches

The Solaris Operating System patches you need to download and install before installing Oracle9iAS. You can download the patches from:

http://sunsolve.sun.com

For example if you have Solaris 8 the following are the recommended patches:

Latest recommended patch cluster

Xsun patch: 108652-37 or higher

CDE dtwm patch: 108921-13 or higher

Motif 2.1 patch: 108940-37 or higher

Portal and Wireless patch: 112138-01 or higher

Certified Software

Installing and operating Oracle9iAS requires a Web browser. Some of the Oracle9iAS installations require an Oracle database. A complete list of certified software, including databases and Web browsers, for Oracle9iAS is located at Oracle MetaLink: http://metalink.oracle.com

Preinstallation Tasks

Review and complete the following preinstallation tasks before installing Oracle9iAS:

Release Notes

Oracle recommends reading the Oracle9i Application Server Release Notes prior to installing Oracle9iAS. Oracle9i Application Server Release Notes are available with Oracle platform-specific documentation and are available at the OTN Web site at: http://technet.oracle.com/docs/index.htm

Component Dependent Configuration

Oracle9iAS Unified Messaging

In order to store data on a customer database, the database must be configured before Oracle9iAS Unified Messaging installation. Information about Oracle9iAS Unified Messaging is available in the Oracle9iAS Unified Messaging Administrator's Guide.

Setting Environment Variables

The following environment variables must be verified before starting Oracle Universal Installer:

ORACLE_HOME

Oracle home is the root directory in which Oracle software is installed.

Oracle homes are identified by name. The Oracle home name identifies the program group associated with a specific Oracle home and the installed Oracle services associated with the home.

Multiple instances of Oracle9iAS install types (J2EE and Web Cache, Business Intelligence and Forms, Portal and Wireless, and Unified Messaging) must be installed in separate Oracle homes on the same computer. However, a previous Oracle9iAS instance can be extended to larger install type using Oracle Universal Installer. It is not possible to downgrade a larger install type to a smaller install type.

You must install Oracle9iAS Infrastructure in its own Oracle home directory, preferably on a separate host. The Oracle9iAS installation cannot exist in the same Oracle home as the Oracle9iAS Infrastructure installation.

Components from the Oracle9iAS Developer Kits installation are installed as part of the Oracle9iAS installation. Oracle9iAS Developer Kits can be installed on a separate host to set up a development environment.

Oracle9iAS installations require a unique instance name and administrative (ias_admin) password during initial installation on a host. Additional installations of Oracle9iAS on the host in the same Oracle home require the ias_admin password to continue with the installation. Installations in a different Oracle home require an instance name and the ias_admin password before continuing with the installation.

Preventing Conflicts With Other Oracle Homes

To prevent a conflict between the software in an existing Oracle home and the Oracle9iAS installation, you must remove all references to the existing Oracle home in your environment. Follow these steps to remove these references.

Unset your existing Oracle home variable using the following command.

C shell Bourne/Korn shell

prompt> unsetenv ORACLE_HOME

prompt> unset ORACLE_HOME

Edit your PATH, CLASSPATH, and LD_LIBRARY_PATH environment variables so they do not use the existing Oracle home value.

Note:

Be sure to set your LD_LIBRARY_PATH environment variable to include ORACLE_HOME/lib.

Be sure your PATH, LD_LIBRARY_PATH, and CLASSPATH environment variables do not exceed 1,024 characters. Longer variable names might generate errors such as "Word too long" during installation.

DISPLAY

Set the DISPLAY environment variable to refer to the X Server that will display the installer. The format of the DISPLAY environment variable is:

hostname:display_number.screen_number

Installing From a Remote Machine

Setting the DISPLAY environment variable enables you to run the Oracle Universal Installer remotely from another workstation. On the system where you launch the Oracle Universal Installer, set DISPLAY to the system name or IP address of your local workstation.

Shell Types On server where the installer is running In session on your workstation

C shell

prompt> setenv DISPLAY hostname:0.0

prompt> xhost +server_name

Bourne or Korn shell

prompt> DISPLAY=hostname:0.0 ; export DISPLAY

prompt> xhost +server_name

TMP

During installation, Oracle Universal Installer uses a temporary directory for swap space. This directory must meet the requirements listed in Section 2.1, "Hardware Requirements" before installing Oracle9iAS. The installation may fail if you do not have sufficient space. The installer checks for the TMP environment variable to locate the temporary directory. If this environment variable does not exist, then the installer uses the /tmp directory. Set the TMP environment variable using the following command.

C shell Bourne/Korn shell

prompt> setenv TMP full_path

prompt> TMP=full_path;export TMP

TNS_ADMIN

TNS_ADMIN points to the directory where Net configuration files are stored.

If TNS_ADMIN is set on your system, you will have conflicts between that directory and the directory where the Oracle9iAS Net configuration files are created. You will also have conflicts if the configuration files are in a common directory outside of the Oracle home for your other Oracle product. For example, your system may use /var/opt/oracle/tnsnames.ora for database aliases.

To prevent conflicts between the Net configuration files for different Oracle products, copy the configuration files from either TNS_ADMIN or the common directory to ORACLE_HOME/network/admin for the other products and unset TNS_ADMIN using the following command.

C shell Bourne/Korn shell

prompt> unsetenv TNS_ADMIN

prompt> unset TNS_ADMIN

Hostnames File Configuration

Oracle Universal Installer requires that the fully qualified hostname information appear in the configuration files for your computer. A fully qualified hostname includes both the name of the system and its domain.

Verify that /etc/hosts.* has the following format:

IP_ADDRESS FULLY_QUALIFIED_HOSTNAME SHORT_HOSTNAME ALIASES

The following example shows a properly configured /etc/hosts.* file:

148.87.9.44 oasdocs.us.oracle.com oasdocs oracleinstall

In addition to /etc/hosts, ensure the following files use the fully qualified hostname:

/etc/nodename

/etc/inet/hosts

/etc/hostname.*

/etc/net/ticlts/hosts

/etc/net/ticots/hosts

/etc/net/ticotsord/hosts

/etc/inet/ipnodes

Note:

The hostname may appear in each of these files more than once. You must add the domain information to every occurrence of the hostname

Failure to properly configure the hostname information in the listed files may result in runtime errors during Oracle9iAS installation.

Creating UNIX Accounts and Groups

The following UNIX account and groups are required for the installation process:

UNIX Group Name for the Oracle Universal Installer Inventory

Use the admintool or groupadd utility to create a group name. For example, oinstall. The oinstall group will own Oracle Universal Installer's oraInventory directory. The oracle user account that runs the installation must have the oinstall group as its primary group.

UNIX Account to Own Oracle Software

The oracle account is the UNIX account that owns Oracle software for your system. You must run Oracle Universal Installer from this account.

Oracle Account Properties

Variable Property

Select any name to access the account. This document refers to the name as the oracle account.

Group Identifier

The oinstall group.

Home Directory

Select a home directory consistent with other user home directories.

The default shell can be either the C, Bourne, or Korn shell.

Note:

Use the oracle account only for installing and maintaining Oracle software. Never use it for purposes unrelated to the Oracle Universal Installer. Do not use root as the oracle account.

UNIX Group Names for Privileged Groups

Two groups, the database operator group and the database administrator group, are required for Oracle9iAS Infrastructure installation. Oracle documentation refers to these groups as OSOPER and OSDBA, respectively. Databases use these groups for operating system authentication. This is necessary in situations where the database is shut down and database authentication is unavailable.

The privileges of these groups are given to either a single UNIX group or two corresponding UNIX groups. There are two ways to choose which groups get the privileges:

If the oracle account is a member of the dba group before starting the installer, then dba is given the privileges of both OSOPER and OSDBA.

If the oracle account is not a member of the dba group, then the installer will prompt you for the group names that get these privileges.

The following table lists the privileges for the OSOPER and OSDBA groups.

Group Privileges

OSOPER

Permits the user to perform STARTUP, SHUTDOWN, ALTER DATABASE OPEN/MOUNT, ALTER DATABASE BACKUP, ARCHIVE LOG, and RECOVER, and includes the RESTRICTED SESSION privilege.

OSDBA

Contains all system privileges with ADMIN OPTION, and the OSOPER role; permits CREATE DATABASE and time-based recover.

Port Allocation

Following installation, Oracle Universal Installer creates a file showing the port assignments during installation of Oracle9iAS components. The installation process automatically detects any port conflicts and selects an alternate port in the range allocated for that component. Appendix F, "Default Port Numbers and Port Ranges" lists the default port ranges. The file titled portlist.ini is located at: OracleHome/install/portlist.ini

This file lists component entries as"port name = port value". For example:

Oracle HTTP Server port = 7777

Oracle HTTP Server SSL port = 4443

Oracle HTTP Server listen port = 7778

Oracle HTTP Server SSL listen port = 4444

Oracle HTTP Server Jserv port = 8007

Enterprise Manager Servlet port = 1810

You can also view the port numbers by pointing your browser to the Oracle9iAS Welcome page and selecting the Ports tab

Oracle9iAS Infrastructure Port Usage

Installation of Oracle9iAS Infrastructure requires exclusive use of port 1521 on your computer. If one of your current system applications uses this port, then complete one of the following actions before installing Oracle9iAS Infrastructure:

If you have an existing application using port 1521, then reconfigure the existing application to use another port.

If you have an existing Oracle Net listener and an Oracle9i database, then proceed with the installation of Oracle9iAS Infrastructure. Your Oracle9iAS Infrastructure will use the existing Oracle Net listener.

If you have an existing Net8 listener in use by an Oracle8i database, then you must upgrade to the Oracle9i Net listener version by installing Oracle9iAS Infrastructure. See Section 2.5.6.1.1, "To upgrade your existing Net8 listener".

Configuring Kernel Parameters

The Oracle9iAS Metadata Repository and Oracle Internet Directory, installed as part of the Oracle9iAS Infrastructure installation, requires you to configure your system kernel parameters. Review your kernel parameter settings to ensure that they meet Oracle9iAS Metadata Repository and Oracle Internet Directory requirements. You may experience errors during installation or operational errors after installation if this is not completed.

Kernel Parameter Settings

Check kernel parameters are sufficiently high. The following are recommended in general, however testing with lower values has also proved acceptable. The alternative lower values are shown in brackets:-

set shmsys:shminfo_shmmax=4294967295 (536870912)
set shmsys:shminfo_shmmin=1 (1)
set shmsys:shminfo_shmmni=512 (100)
set shmsys:shminfo_shmseg=128 (10)

set semsys:seminfo_semmap=64 (64)
set semsys:seminfo_semmni=4096 (200)
set semsys:seminfo_semmns=4096 (500)
set semsys:seminfo_semmsl=4096 (256)
set semsys:seminfo_semmnu=4096 (1400)
set semsys:seminfo_semume=64 (200)
set semsys:seminfo_semopm=100 (110)

Oracle Universal Installer

This section describes how Oracle9iAS uses Oracle Universal Installer for installation. It includes the following topics:

Prerequisite Checks

The Oracle Universal Installer automatically checks your computer prior to installation to verify that your system meets operational requirements.

Oracle Universal Installer Automatic Prerequisite Checks

Check for enough disk space for Oracle home installation

Check for TMP (/var/tmp) variable and sufficient swap space

Check that the install host has enough RAM

Verify existence of one infrastructure per host installation (All Oracle9iAS instances on one host share the same infrastructure)

Check the /etc/hosts file.

Prohibit installation of Oracle9iAS Infrastructure into an existing Oracle9iAS home

Check for Solaris Operating Environment 32 version 2.6 or later

Ensure that the value of ORACLE_HOME does not contain spaces

Verify the monitor has 256 color viewing capability

Verify installation of correct Solaris kernel patches

Verify operational requirements of the CPU

Verify paths of LD_LIBRARY_PATH, PATH, and CLASSPATH

oraInventory Directory

The Oracle Universal Installer creates the oraInventory directory the first time it is run on a computer. The oraInventory directory keeps an inventory of products that the Oracle Universal Installer installs on your computer, as well as other installation information. If you have previously installed Oracle products, then you may already have an oraInventory directory.

When a UNIX group name is created and specified, it grants the specified group the permission to write to the oraInventory directory. If another group attempts to run the installer, then they must have permission to write to the oraInventory directory. If they do not have permission, then the installation will fail.

The location of oraInventory is defined in /var/opt/oracle/oraInst.loc.

The latest log file is:

/your_base_directory/oraInventory/logs/installActiontodays_date_time.log

Do not delete or manually alter the oraInventory directory or its contents. Doing so can prevent the installer from locating products that you have installed on your system.

Starting Oracle Universal Installer

Follow these steps to launch Oracle Universal Installer and install Oracle9iAS:

Insert the CD labelled Disk 1 into the CD-ROM drive.

Mount the installation CD-ROM.

Run Oracle Universal Installer from the CD-ROM.

Note:

Be sure you are not logged in as the root user when you start the Oracle Universal Installer. If you are, then only the root user will have permissions to manage Oracle9iAS.

Start the installer by entering:

prompt> mount_point/9ias_902disk1/runInstaller

Note:

Do not use mount_point as your working directory when you start the installer. If you do, then you will not be able to eject Disk 1 during the installation process to insert Disk 2.

This launches Oracle Universal Installer, which installs Oracle9iAS.

Installation

The following sections provide the sequence and briefly describe the installation screens that you will encounter for the three types of Oracle9iAS installation. Oracle recommends reviewing the installation sequence for a better understanding of the Oracle9iAS installation process.

This section describes the installation sequence for the following Oracle9iAS installations:

Oracle9i Application Server Installation

Oracle9iAS Infrastructure Installation

Oracle9iAS Developer Kits Installation

Oracle9i Application Server Installation

Welcome screen: Provides information about the Oracle Universal Installer.

Inventory Location screen: Verify the location of the base directory for installation files (First time installation).

File Locations screen: Verify the source path, destination name, and destination path for your Oracle9iAS installation.

Available Products screen: Select the Oracle9i Application Server installation.

Installation Types screen: Select one of the four Oracle9iAS install types listed--J2EE and Web Cache, Portal and Wireless, Business Intelligence and Forms, or Unified Messaging.

Component Configuration and Startup screen: Select the components to configure during the installation process.

One of the following screens appears based on the presence or absence of an instance of Oracle9iAS Single Sign-On on the install host:

Oracle9iAS Infrastructure Use screen: The Oracle9iAS Infrastructure Use screen appears for the installation of J2EE and Web Cache. The Oracle9iAS Infrastructure Use screen allows you to select whether you will use Oracle9iAS Single Sign-On or clustering (with Oracle9iAS Infrastructure) or not with installation of the J2EE and Web Cache install type.

Existing Oracle9iAS Single Sign-On screen: The Existing Oracle9iAS Single Sign-On screen appears for the Portal and Wireless, Business Intelligence and Forms, or Unified Messaging install types. Enter the Host Name and port number of your Oracle9iAS Single Sign-On instance.

Oracle Internet Directory screen: Enter the username and password for your registration of Oracle9iAS configuration information into Oracle Internet Directory. The username you enter must be a member of the IASAdmins group.

One of the following screens appears based on whether Oracle9iAS has been installed on your computer:

Create Instance Name and ias_admin Password screen: This screen appears if this is a first time installation of Oracle9iAS on this host. Enter the following instance information:

Instance Name: Identifies the installation instance of Oracle9iAS on this host.

ias_admin Password: The ias_admin users password used to administer any Oracle9iAS on this host. This password is required for installation of additional Oracle9iAS instances.

Enter ias_admin Password screen: This screen appears if the Oracle Universal Installer has detected a previous installation of Oracle9iAS in your Oracle home. Enter the ias_admin users password created from the previous installation.

Create Instance Name screen: This screen appears if the Oracle Universal Installer has detected a previous installation of Oracle9iAS on this host but in a different Oracle home. Enter an instance name to identify this instance of Oracle9iAS.

Metadata Repository screen: Select the Oracle9iAS Metadata Repository you would like to use for this Oracle9iAS installation. This screen appears if the Oracle Universal Installer detects multiple installations of Oracle9iAS Metadata Repository.

Outgoing Mail Server screen: Enter the outgoing mail server to use with Oracle9iAS Reports Services. This screen appears if you have selected Oracle9iAS Reports Services for installation.

Installation Summary screen: Review the summary of your Oracle9iAS installation and begin the installation process.

Install screen: Appears while the product is installing. The screen shows installation operations. No user interaction is required.

Oracle9iAS Configuration Tools screen: Review the status of Oracle9iAS configuration tools for components you have selected. No user interaction is required.

End of Installation screen: Appears at the end of the installation process. It notifies you whether the installation was successful or unsuccessful and provides information about accessing the Oracle9iAS instance.

Oracle9iAS Infrastructure Installation

Welcome screen: Provides information about the Oracle Universal Installer.

Inventory Location screen: Verify the location of the base directory for installation files (First time installation).

File Locations screen: Verify the source path, destination name, and destination path for your Oracle9iAS installation.

Available Products screen: Select the Oracle9iAS Infrastructure installation.

Select Configuration Options screen: Select to either accept installer recommendations for Oracle9iAS Infrastructure components, or specify existing instances of components.

One of the following two screens may appear based on your configuration choices on the Select Configuration Options Screen

Existing Oracle9iAS Single Sign-On: This screen appears if you have unchecked the configuration of Oracle9iAS Single Sign-On on the Component Configuration and Startup screen.

Existing Oracle Internet Directory: This screen appears if you have unchecked the configuration of Oracle Internet Directory on the Component Configuration and Startup screen.

The Oracle Universal Installer configures both Oracle Internet Directory and Oracle9iAS Single Sign-On whether they are deselected or not. This is completed to verify connectivity between Oracle Internet Directory and Oracle9iAS Single Sign-On.

One of the following screens appears based on whether Oracle9iAS has been installed on your computer:

Create Instance Name and ias_admin Password screen: This screen appears if this is a first time installation of Oracle9iAS on this host. Enter the following instance information:

Instance Name: Identifies the installation instance of Oracle9iAS on this host.

ias_admin Password: The ias_admin users password used to administer any Oracle9iAS on this host. This password is required for installation of additional Oracle9iAS instances.

Privileged Operating System Groups screen: This screen appears only if the oracle account is not a member of the dba group. Enter the database administrator and operator group name.

Database Character Set screen: Select the Database Character Set from the list you would like to use.

Installation Summary screen: Review the summary of your Oracle9iAS installation and begin the installation process.

Install screen: Appears while the product is installing. The screen shows installation operations. No user interaction is required.

Oracle9iAS Configuration Tools screen: Review the status of Oracle9iAS configuration tools for components you have selected. No user interaction is required.

Oracle9iAS Developer Kits Installation

Welcome screen: Provides information about the Oracle Universal Installer.

Inventory Location screen: Verify the location of the base directory for installation files (First time installation).

File Location screen: Verify the source path, destination name, and destination path for your Oracle9iAS installation.