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System Boards 

Introduction to system boards 

Key Topics 

Computers 

System Boards 

AT Keyboard 

Serial and Parallel Connectors 

IO controller cards 

IDE Controller 

Keyboard Controller 

AT Expansion Slots 

AT Memory slots 

Parallel expansion and memory slots 

CPU and L2 Cache 

AT CPU Variety 

AT Power connector 

AT BIOS 

System Battery 

AT Chipset 

ATX boards 

TX features 

System Board Questions

System Boards

Introduction to system boards

  • You can use this module  to identify the different components of your system board . We will demonstrate the standard AT , and the ATX  system boards.

  • When comparing system motherboards always consider that there might be certain manufacturer differences between the boards discussed in this module  and the other products in the market.

  • Most system boards currently available in the market should follow the standards of AT  or ATX  systems.

Key Topics

  • AT  System Boards

  • AT  IO controller

  • IDE  controller

  • ATX  System Boards

  • Expansion slots

  • Expansion slots variety

  • AT  Memory slots

  • System battery

  • L2 cache

  • Processor  Socket

  • CMOS

  • ATX  systems

  • ATX  Variations

  • Pentium  4 Systems

 

Computers

  • The main PC standard was IBM , which produced the baby 8088 systems. The IBM design was standardized and had an open architecture

  • This lead to the advent of the IBM  compatibles produced by other manufactures such as Compaq, AST, Dell, Gateway which used different components and designs but had the same BIOS  standard and essentially performing the same task.

  • This Competition among the manufactures leads to better products and cheaper prices.

System Boards

  • There are two main board designs that you may come across; The AT  and the ATX  design.

  •  

    Let’s take a closer look at the AT  and ATX  boards and find out all the major component positions on the system boards. ATX System Board

     

 

AT  Keyboard

  • Single full sized din 5 keyboard  connector soldered on the motherboard

 

 

 

 


Serial and Parallel Connectors

  • Serial and parallel pins are soldered on the motherboard  that can have ribbon cables connected to them to extend them to the back of the case .

IO controller cards

  • You can also connect an IO card to the 486  and older system board  to make the IO ports available

IDE  Controller

  • IDE  and Floppy connectors can be found built on the Pentium  AT  motherboards and can be added to the older motherboards using an IO card.

Keyboard Controller

  • Expansion cards usually cross over the keyboard  controller chip.

 

 

 


AT  Expansion Slots

  • Usually have at least 1 ISA  slot and another expansion slot, EISA , VESA , PCI .

  • You are more likely to come across ISA  and PCI  slots in the market for AT  boards

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

AT  Memory slots

  • AT  Memory modules  could be 30 pin  or 72 pin  SIMM  slots or 168 pin DIMM  slots

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Parallel expansion and memory  slots

  • The expansion slots  and the memory  SIMM  /DIMM  memory module  slots are parallel to each other.

 

 

 

 CPU  and L2 Cache

CPU  consumes power of 5V

There is usually a certain amount of L2 cache  on the system board

 

 

AT  CPU  Variety

  • The CPU  on the AT  board range from the 286 processor  to the Pentium  processor that may consume up to 5V of power and plug in to a socket .

  • The CPU  is usually placed in to a Zero Insertion Force (ZIF ) socket  on an AT  system

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 


AT  Power  connector

  • There are two segments to the power Pins connections on the AT  motherboard , P8  and P9

  • Power  switch is hardware based.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 


AT  BIOS

  • The BIOS  is an Erasable programmable Read  Only Memory (EPROM ) chip.

 System Battery

  • The Pentium  systems have a battery  socket  but the older AT  boards have the battery soldered on.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 


AT  Chipset

  • There are a variety of chipset  vendors in the market for AT  and ATX  systems including Intel , VIA, OPT, SIS etc.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 


ATX  boards

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 


ATX  features

  • The processor is placed near the PSU  for better cooling of the CPU , which consumes 3.3V power.

  • The ATX  motherboard  has mainly PCI  expansion slots  and one or two ISA  slots and built on the motherboard.

  • The ATX  motherboard  usually has a single fast AGP  slot port built on the board

  • The system processor is placed close to the RAM  DIMM  sockets near the top of the board.

  • The memory  DIMM  slots are perpendicular to the expansion slots . The power socket  is a one-piece socket.

  • The BIOS  is stored on the flash RAM  that can be updated to change system limitations.

  • The ATX  board chipset  usually requires a heat sink and the board does not have any L2 cache  built on it.

  • ATX  external ports are connected to the motherboard  including PS2 ports, USB  ports, parallel port , and serial port .

  • Some boards also have a games port  and sound card  ports built onboard.

  • There is a two pin power connector which needs to be connected to the power switch to enable soft shutdown  and boot up ’s.

  • There are a number of the ATX  board which may have ISA  and PCI  slots and may cater for slot CPU ’s

System Board Questions

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 


Board 1

Board 2

 

 

1) Which board is an ATX  system board

a)      Board 1

b)      Board 2

2) Which board is an AT  system board

a)      Board 1

b)      Board 2

 

3) From fig1 select the character that defines the processor

4) From fig1 select the character that defines the DIMM  Slots)

5) From fig1 select the character that defines the battery

6) From fig1 select the character that defines the speaker

7) From fig1 select the character that defines the ISA  slots

8) From fig1 select the character that defines the PCI  slots

9)      From fig1 select the character which defines the AGP  slots

10)  From fig1 select the character which defines the power socket )

11)   From fig1 select the character which defines the Parallel Port )

12)  From fig1 select the character which defines the PS/2  ports

13)   From fig1 select the character which defines the USB  ports

14)  From fig1 select the character which defines the IDE  controllers

15)  From fig1 select the character which defines the floppy controller

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

16)  From fig2 select the character which defines the Serial port

17)  From fig2 select the character which defines the games port  

18)  From fig2 select the character which defines the VGA  port

19)  From fig2 select the character which defines the USB  port

 

Answers

 

1)B      2)A      3)M     4)B      5)G      6)F       7)H      8)I        9)E       10)A    11)J     12)L

13)K    14)D    15)C    16)E     17)B    18)D    19)F

 

 

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