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Processors........................................................................................................... 

Introduction to Processor................................................................................................ 

Key Topics..................................................................................................................... 

Introduction to Processors............................................................................................... 

Processors and Transistors.............................................................................................. 

Processor Manufactures.................................................................................................. 

The 8088 Processor........................................................................................................ 

80286 Processor............................................................................................................. 

80386 Processor............................................................................................................. 

80486 Processor............................................................................................................. 

486DX2/DX4 Processor................................................................................................. 

486 Processor Design..................................................................................................... 

Table of Comparison....................................................................................................... 

Pentium I......................................................................................................................... 

Pentium Design................................................................................................................ 

Pentium MMX................................................................................................................ 

Pentium Pro.................................................................................................................... 

Pentium II....................................................................................................................... 

Pentium III...................................................................................................................... 

Pentium III Design........................................................................................................... 

Xeon............................................................................................................................... 

Celeron........................................................................................................................... 

Pentium 4........................................................................................................................ 

Pentium 4 Processor Design............................................................................................ 

Itanium Processor............................................................................................................ 

Itanium Specifications...................................................................................................... 

Processor Comparison I.................................................................................................. 

AMD Processors............................................................................................................ 

AMD Athlon Processor................................................................................................... 

AMD Duron Processor................................................................................................... 

Cyrix 6x86MX................................................................................................................ 

Processor Generation...................................................................................................... 

Over clocking.................................................................................................................. 

Clock Speed Configuration.............................................................................................. 

Heat Sinks...................................................................................................................... 

 

Processors

Introduction to Processor

  • There are a variety of processors manufacturers in the market including Intel , AMD  and Cyrix .

  • Intel  processors are the processors that we are mainly concerned with.

  • Intel  processors include 8088, 286, 386 , 486 , Pentium , Pentium II, Pentium III, and Pentium 4 processors.

  • AMD  processor includes the Duron  and the Athlon  processors.

Key Topics

  • Intel  Processor

  • 8088 Processor  

  • 80286 Processor

  • 80386 Processor

  • 80486 Processor

  • Pentium  Processor

  • Pentium  II Processor

  • Pentium  III Processor

 

  • Celeron  Processor

  • Pentium  4 Processor

  • Itanium  Processor

  • Processor  Comparison

  • AMD  Processors

  • Processor  Generation

  • Over Clocking

  • Heat  Sinks

 

 

Introduction to Processors

  • Processors can understand, organize commands- instructions  and perform them which is referred to as processing

  • Processors are often referred to as CPU  (Central Processing Unit), which is not strictly correct.

  • CPU  is the major component of a processor.

  • The ability of your processor defines your system capabilities, e.g. data bus, clock speed.

Processors and Transistors

  • Processors are integrated circuits (IC ’s) full of transistors  ranging from 30 thousand transistors in the 8088 to 45 million transistors in the Pentium  4.

 

Processor  Manufactures And Specifications

  • There are many different manufacturers of processors including Intel , AMD , Cyrix , and Motorola , but the PC gold standards is Intel that has the products that we will be emphasizing. The Intel processors have deferent physical shapes, internal designs in regards to their busses, the processing power, the speed, their cache, etc.

The 8088 Processor

  • Original XT processor

  • 8 bit  data bus

  • 20 bit address bus and can access 1MB RAM

  • 4.77 MHz to 9.54MHz Speed

  • 40 pin Dual Inline Package (DIP ) socket  

  • Can only operate in real mode  (DOS )

80286 Processor

  • Original AT  processor

  • 16 bit  data bus

  • 24 bit address bus and can access 16MB RAM

  • 6 MHz to 20MHz Speed

  • 68 Pin Grid Array (PGA ) socket

  • Can operate in real mode  (DOS ) or in protected mode  (Windows)

80386 Processor

  • Comes in 2 Designs, DX  (expensive) and SX  (cheaper)

  • DX  has 32 bit data bus and SX  has 16 data bus

  • 32 bit address bus and can access 4GB RAM

  • 25Mhz and 33MHz Speeds

  • 132 pin Pin Grid Array (PGA ) socket

  • Can operate in real mode  (DOS ) and in protected mode  (Windows) concurrently

80486 Processor

  • 486  =(386  + 387  + 385 )

  • Comes in 2 Designs, DX  (expensive) and SX  (cheaper)

  • DX  has Math co-processor and SX  has no math co-processor

  • Built in 8KB internal L1 cache

  • 32 bit address bus and can access 4GB RAM

  • 25Mhz and 33MHz Speeds

  • 168 pin Pin Grid Array (PGA ) socket

  • DX  design can use Floating point unit (FPU ) to perform heavy calculations in CAD programs  

486DX2/DX4 Processor

  • Referred to as overdrive processor

  • Increased internal processor speed

  • DX2=50Mhz, DX4=100MHz

  • External speeds unchanged

  • Step down voltage regulation to 3.3V

  • Heat  sink  used to prevent overheating

 

486  Processor  Design

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 


Table of Comparison