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Introduction To The Internet 

Introduction to the Internet 

Key Topics 

Introduction to the Internet 

Assigned IP Address 

Modem Connection to ISP 

SLIP and PPP 

PPTP 

Server IP Address 

Introduction to DHCP Servers 

DNS Server 

What is a Browser 

Universal Resource Locator 

Universal Naming Convention 

What is a Firewall 

Viruses 

Internet Viruses

Introduction To The Internet

Introduction to the Internet

  • The Internet  is a huge WAN  which act as a communication  tunnel linking all the computers connected to the Internet together bridging all known boundaries and borders. 

  • The components working together which make the Internet possible for all of us include modems, ISP’s, DCHP , DNS, Browsers, Protocols, and Routers etc.

  • In today’s world where all computers are connected through this web one must be fearful of viruses and take all possible precautions to avoid infection by using anti-virus programs

 

Key Topics

  • Introduction to the Internet

  • Internet connection Account

  • Modems

  • SLIP and PPP

  • DHCP

  • DNS

 

  • DSN Database

  • Name to IP Conversion

  • What is a Browser

  • Universal Resource Locator URL

  • Firewalls

  • Viruses

Introduction to the Internet

  • The Internet  was a project initially developed by a component of the military called the Advanced Research Project Agency (ARPA ) to advance their communication  capabilities.  

  • The Internet  sometimes referred to as the world wide web  (www) is a huge WAN  consisting of many small and large WANs.

  • All these computers can communicate with each using the TCP/IP protocol

  • The Internet has since been improved by universities, and researchers throughout the world and now is overseen by different organizations such as ISOC  and IETF .

  • It is rather difficult to control the Internet because all the web servers are dispersed throughout the world and there are so many parties involved in its development.

  • The Internet  Society (ISOC ) is responsible for overseeing the developments and the construction of the Internet.

  • The Internet  engineering taskforce (IETF ) is an organization to implement requested improvements to the Internet made by the public and companies referred to as Request For Comment (RFC ).

 

Assigned IP  Address

  • All communicating computers have an IP  address  assigned to them.

  • The IP address must be legitimate and assigned by your Internet Service Provider (ISP) before the computer can communicate on the Internet.

  • All computers on the Internet can be identified by their unique IP address

  • You can connect to any site on the Internet by connecting to its IP address

  • We will discuss IP addresses at length later in protocols.

  • In order to establish an Internet  connection both individuals and companies must establish an Internet account with an Internet Service Provider (ISP ).

  • The location of your existence on the Internet is where your service provider is located and is defined as Point Of Presence (POP).

Modem Connection to ISP  

  • You can connect from your home to your ISP  using a modem installed with SLIP , PPP  or PPTP  protocols.

SLIP  and PPP

·Serial Line Internet Protocol (SLIP) offers no security; Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP) has password encryption security and supports dynamic allocation of IP addresses easing the dial up session process.

 

PPTP

  • Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol (PPTP ) uses PPP  encryption to generate a Virtual Private Network (VPN ) between a remote client and a server. PPTP has an encapsulation method that enables it to transmit other protocols such as NetBEUI  and IPX  over TCP /IP  making it a multiprotocol VPN connection method.

Server IP  Address

  • Servers have a fixed IP  address  assigned to them and clients can use any available IP address.

Introduction to DHCP  Servers

  • A Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP ) server can be used to lend typical users of the WEB IP  addresses from their Internet  Service Provider (ISP ).

  • A DHCP  server responds to requests made from client machines for an IP address, by lending it an IP address from it pool of IP addresses only for the duration of the clients stay on the internet.

·Internet Service Providers (ISP) used a DHCP  server for all their clients, which allows them to expand their quota, making the presumption that a fraction of their clients will be on line at the same time.

DNS  Server

  • DNS  stands for Domain Name Service.

  • Since human being typically find it difficult to remember numbers and find it easier to remember names, the DNS server was born.

·DNS  servers have a database of site names and their associated IP  addresses.

 

  • If an Internet  user needs to connect to a particular site, they only need to type the name of the site in the browser  and the local DNS  will provide the users browser with the sites IP  address

  • DNS  servers perform queries among them selves throughout the Internet  to resolve IP  addresses.

 

 

What is a Browser

  • A browser  is software  designed for downloading Internet  pages and interpreting the HTML  code information  on each page in the site of interest.

  • The two major browsers  currently in the market are Internet  Explorer  and Netscape

  • Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) is the special tag language used to present Web pages.

 

Universal Resource Locator

  • Universal Resource Locator (URL ) is the Internet  address of web  sites of interest.

  • The internet address of a site is given as http://www.CNN.com

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Universal Naming Convention

  • Universal Naming Convention (UNC ) is a method of locating a shared folder or resource on a network

  • The UNC  address of a shared resource is \\Computername\sharename e.g. \\Computer1\HPPrinter

What is a Firewall

  • A Firewall is a computer that acts as a doorway for all incoming and outgoing traffic of a LAN from the Internet

·This is achieved by assigning private fake IP addresses to the LAN computers at one end of the firewall and connection the other end of the firewall to the Internet have a public real address

  • The firewall will block all unwanted traffic from contacting any of the LAN  computers and can monitor and control any outgoing traffic from the LAN.

 

Viruses

  • A virus  is a program designed to have two main functions in life, destruction of computer data/hardware and reproduction of the virus itself on to other devices

  • The main medium for virus transfer is either a diskette or the Internet, although it can be transferred by other mediums.

Internet  Viruses

  • Internet  viruses predominantly infect computers either by through e-mail, or when downloading sharewares.

  • E-mail viruses infect your system when you open a disguised e-mail attachment and then expand their circle to other machines using your e-mail contacts list and send the same infected e-mail to all the people you know.

Questions

1) Which are the authorities who over see progress on the internet? (Choose all that apply)

a) ISOC

b) IEEE

c) IETF

d) ITIE

e) ARPA

 

2) What is a Request For Comment (RFC )?

a) Comments on an Internet connection

b) Military permissions 

c) Permission to make comments on the Internet

d) Suggestions for Internet improvements

e) Another name for a token

 

3) What are features of TCP/IP? (choose all that apply)

a) All Computers on a TCP/IP network require a unique IP address

b) TCP/IP is the main protocol of the internet

c) TCP/IP is a non-routable protocol

d) TCP/IP is a routable protocol

e) TCP/IP contains protocols such as HTTP 

 

4) What is the dial up protocols? (Choose all that apply)

a) SLIP

b) ISS

c) CWD

d) PPP

 

5) What are features of PPTP ? (Choose all that apply)

a) Uses PPP encryption

b) Faster then PPP

c) Used in a VPN

d) Performs data encapsulation

 

6) What are features of DHCP ? (Choose all that apply)

a) Dynamically assigns IP addresses to different TCP/IP clients

b) Contains a pool of IP addresses

c) Changes the clients fixed IP address

d) Clients are required to renew leases

e) Dynamically connects two computers

f) Also sends the client information about the DNS and the default gateway

 

 

7) What are features of DNS? (Choose all that apply)

a) Informs the client of the IP address or the required server

b) Contains a pool of IP addresses

c) Queries other DNS servers for the required IP address

d) Clients are required to renew leases

e) Dynamically connects two computers

f) Performs a name to IP conversion

 

8)The URL address of a site can be written a:

a) http://207.222.34.56/page1.com

b) Page1.htm

c) http://www.BooksAndCD Training .Com

d) \\207.222.34.56\folder1

e) \\207.222.34.56\page1

f) html://www.Booksandcdtraining.com

 

9) The UNC  address of a site can be written as:

a) http://207.222.34.56/page1.com

b) page1.htm

c) http://www.BooksAndCD Training .Com

d) \\207.222.34.56\folder1

e) \\207.222.34.56\page1

f) html://www.Booksandcdtraining.com

 

10) What are features of a firewall? (Choose all that apply)

a) Assigns a private IP address to its network clients

b) Contains two network cards

c) One network card is assigned a public address

d) Blocks all network computers from the Internet

e) Protects all network from Internet intruders

f) Reports all unwanted traffic to the Internet authorities

 

11) What are features of a Virus? (Choose all that apply)

a) Designed for the destruction of software and data

b) Evolves over time

c) Can be transferred to any writ able medium

d) Designed to reproduces itself

e) Can be transmitted with emails

f) Cannot be transferred on the Internet

 

Answers

  1. A,C

  2. D

  3. A,B,D,E

  4. A,D

  5. A,C,D

  6. A,B,D,F

  7. A,C,F

  8. C

  9. E

  10. A,B,C,D,E

  11. A,C,D,E

 

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