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Expansion Slots and Ports 

Introduction to expansion slots and ports 

Key Topics 

Expansion slots 

Components of the buses 

Data Bus 

Address Bus 

Control Bus 

8 bit Industry Standard Architecture (ISA) 

16 bit Industry Standard Architecture (ISA) 

Plug and Play 

Micro channel Architecture (MCA) 

Extended Industry Standard Architecture (EISA) 

Video Electronic Standards Association (VESA) Slots 

PCI (Peripheral Component Interconnection) 

Accelerated Graphics Port (AGP) 

Serial Port 

Parallel Port 

Universal Serial Bus (USB) 

Firewire 1394

Expansion Slots and Ports

Introduction to expansion slots and ports

  • The expansion slots  and system ports are the only means of expanding our system functionality and act as a doorway between our system and the connected device.

  • These ports have improved over time from being very slow and 8 bit  to being very fast and 64bit.

  • Our systems can also handle a greater number of devices  with the introduction of the USB  and the 1394 firewire.

Key Topics

  • Expansion slots

  • Address Bus

  • Data Bus

  • Control Bus

  • ISA  slots

  • MCA  slots

  • EISA  slots

  • VESA  slot

  • PCI  slot

  • AGP  slot

  • Serial Port

  • Parallel Port

  • USB   Port

  • 1394 Port

Expansion slots

  • Expansion slots located on your system board  allow us to expand our systems functionality by connecting expansions cards  such as network  cards , modems , sound cards etc.

  • Expansion buses are a bridge, which allow communication  between peripherals , devices  and the system board .

  • There are a variety of designs for expansion slots  that have been evolved over the lifetime of computer.

  • The expansion slots  come in a variety of different shapes, sizes, speeds and capacities.

Components of the buses

  • There are three main busses , Data bus , Address bus , and Control bus , which are all, used by the system to control and transfer data in and out of memory  and other devices .

Data Bus

  • The data bus that transfers data either at 8 bit  16 bit  or 32 bits  or even 64 bits at a time.

Address Bus

  • Address bus  which locates specific positions in memory  for data transferring.

  • The bigger the address buses the more memory  that can be accessed.

Control Bus

  • Control bus  that synchronizes the timing of the data transfer  with the system clock throughout the system board

8 bit  Industry Standard Architecture (ISA )

  • First bus architecture made by IBM  designed for the 8088, 8086 systems

  •  

    It has 8 bit  data bus on XT systems transferring data at 8MHz (8-bit XT bus )

 

16 bit  Industry Standard Architecture (ISA )

  • Upgraded to 16-bit  data bus for the AT  286 systems.

  • The 16-bit  slot could also support 8-bit card and is backward compatible.

  • Soon became the first universal standard  used by all manufactures.

  • The ISA  card must be placed over the black ISA expansion slot and oriented corrected and then pushed in to the slot.

Plug and Play

  • Plug and Play  is a collaboration between hardware manufactures to standardize all hardware and to have the hardware identify and configure itself with the plug and play operating system  making the installation  of the hardware automatic

  • In 1993 the IEEE  made plug and play available on ISA  cards and ISA system boards.

Micro channel Architecture (MCA )

  • Developed and patented by IBM  for its PS/2  386  systems.

  • It has 16 bit  and 32 bit data bus, transferring data at 10MHz.

  • Took too much room in a system and was difficult to upgrade.

  • Caused other manufacturers to cooperate and produce their own expansion slot called EISA .

  • Never really took off in the market

Extended  Industry Standard Architecture (EISA )

  • Developed by a collaboration of companies as a response to IBM ’s MCA .

  • It has 32 bit data bus transferring data at 8MHz

  • Was made backwards compatible  with the ISA  by designing the slots twice as wide, therefore making the slots competent of handling both ISA and the wider EISA  cards.

  • EISA  supports bus mastering , which means cards, are built smarter and use less of the system CPU  time achieving better performance  in data transfer

  • Only really used in servers, not in standard PC’s - 16 bit bus MCA, 32 bit bus MCA, 16 bit and 32 bit bus (EISA card and slots)

Video  Electronic Standards Association (VESA ) Slots

  • Video  Electronic Standards Association (VESA ) is also called local bus.

  • Made by a collaboration of companies in response to MCA  for improvements in video card performance .

  • Can run at speeds of 25MHz and 33MHz

  • It has a 32bit data path  bus.

  • Used predominantly in video card and IO cards  or disk controllers . (16 bit and 32 bit VESA Card and Slot)

PCI  (Peripheral Component Interconnection)

  • This has become another universal standard  used by all PC manufacturers that were first introduced in to the market with the Pentium  systems.

  • Typical  PC’s will have a combination ISA  and PCI  slots which both use the same chipset .

  • It has 32/64 bit  data bus transferring data at 33/66MHz.

  • The PCI  bus speed automatically is synchronized  at half the memory  bus speed.

  • PCI  also support 3V card as well as the standard 5V cards that look physically different.

  • PCI  bus speed can be made asynchronous  by changing a BIOS  or jumper  setting.

  • Can operate at different speeds to the CPU

  • Designed to control the flow of traffic from each PCI  device, and to prioritize  between devices

  • PCI  has built in plug and play and can automatically configure all devices  connected to it

  • PCI  supports bus mastering  that means cards are built smarter and use less of the system CPU  time achieving better performance  in data transfer .

  • PCI  is a local bus design, which means a wide fast communication  highway  is provided for CPU , memory , and other peripherals. - 5V (32 bit and 64 bit PCI bus - 3V (32 bit and 64 bit PCI bus)

Accelerated Graphics Port (AGP )

  • A single small brown slot designed specifically for modern video cards.

  • Creates a faster interface  between the video card and the system board

  • Video  card processor is given a direct line of communication  to the system processor.

  • Memory is shared between the system processor and video processor.

  • AGP  port has a 32 bit data path  and transfer data at 66MHz. 

Serial Port

  • All computers have 2 serial ports that are external and referred to as Com1, Com2 etc.

  • ATX  systems have two 9 pin serial ports built onboard.

  • Serial ports can be 9 Pin (DB-9 ) or 25 Pin (DB-25 ) male.

  • The serial port  transfers the data in to a serial packet of data before transmission at the sending end and then reconverted back to its original format  at the receiving end.

  • Transfers data 1 bit at a time asynchronously at 400 KB/sec.

  • Used by slow peripherals  such as mouse , Modems, printers , etc.

Parallel Port

  • All PC’s have a single built in parallel port , which are a 25 pin female.

  • PC’s can Support up to 3 parallel ports  referred to as LPT1 , LPT2, LPT3, LPT = (Line PrinTer).

  • The 8 bit  Data transmission path  between PC and port is synchronized  and produces much better data throughput  then serial ports

  • Original slower unidirectional Parallel ports are referred to as SPP  (Standard Parallel Port).

  • EPP  (Enhanced Parallel Port) improved throughput  of data by enabling bi-directional communication

  • ECP  (Extended  Capabilities Port) improved EPP  for increased throughput  by adding DMA  capabilities to port.

Universal Serial Bus (USB )

  • The USB  was produced with Pentium  systems in 1995 and is built on board all modern PC’s. 

  • The USB  was developed to take the place of parallel and serial ports.

  • Each of the 2 USB  busses  can support up to 127 devices  through the use of a USB hub .

  • Fully plug and play a hot swappable

  • The original USB  can transmit data at 1.5MB/sec and the new USB2 can support data transfer  rates of about 450MB/sec.

  • Many modern peripherals  are now built as USB , Mouse, external CD -ROMs, Scanners , and Printers etc.

Firewire 1394

 

  • Still very new technology, which does not have many peripherals , designed to use it.

  • Based on the USB  but much faster transmitting data at 400MB/sec.

  • Ideal for high-speed data transfer  peripherals  including digital video cameras, CD -Writers etc.

  • Fully plug and play and hot swappable .

 

Questions

 

1) Which is the standard port for the system SVGA  card?

a) ISA  slot

b) PCI  slot

c) AGP  Port

d) PS2 port

e) USB  port

 

2) Which slot or port provides 16bit data transfer ?

a) ISA  slot

b) PCI  slot

c) AGP  Port

d) PS2 port

e) USB  port

 

3) Which slot or port provides serial data transfer ? (choose all that apply)

a) ISA  slot

b) PCI  slot

c) AGP  Port

d) PS2 port

e) USB  port

 

4) Which slot or port provides 32bit data transfer ? (choose all that apply)

a) ISA  slot

b) PCI  slot

c) AGP  Port

d) EISA  slots

e) USB  port

f) VESA  slot

 

5) Which slot or port provides plug and play

a) ISA

b) PCI

c) AGP

d) VESA

 

6) Which slot or port allows for bus mastering  ?

a) VESA

b) EISA

c) USB

d) ISA

e) PS2

7) Choose the data transfer  rate for standard USB  port?

a) 400kb/s

b) 400 MB /s

c) 1.5 MB /s

d) 1200Kb/s

8) Choose the data transfer  rate for standard serial port ?

a) 400kb/s

b) 400 MB /s

c) 1.5 MB /s

d) 1200Kb/s

9) Choose the data transfer  rate for standard 1394 port?

a) 400kb/s

b) 400 MB /s

c) 1.5 MB /s

d) 1200Kb/s

10) How many devices  can a standard USB  port support?

a) 22

b) 5

c) 1

d) 16

e) 127

Answers

  1. C

  2. A

  3. DE

  4. BDF

  5. ABC

  6. B

  7. C

  8. A

  9. B

  10. C

 

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